Science in the 19 th century

Science in the 19 th century
appears as a golden age,science expanded succesfully into new fields of inquiry ,including a combination of mathematics and experiment of physics,the application of theory of experiment in chemistry,and controlled experimentation in biology.
Science and technology
There are important break throughs in;

iron and steel technology
electricity
weapons-machine gun ,bottle wagon,dynamite
physics and chemistry
siology,psychology and biology
Dalton

an english schoolmaster of an atoms were the smallest indestructible parts of matter.

Mendeleev

developed the table of elements

26th December 1948 -Radium by pierere and Marie Curie

Sigmund Frued-in psychology.explanation of human behavior

Charles Darwin-developed the theory of evolution.

Labels: 19th century
Science During Rennaissance
Establishment of academies
the academia dei Lincei in rome
the academia Del cimiento in Florence
the Royal Society in London
the academy Des SCiences in paris
Book and Journals

Jounal De savants of paris
ACta Eruditorum of Liepzig
Great Treatises

principia mathematica of sir Isaach Newton
Traite De la lumiere of Huygens
Remarkable Scientist

Johanne Gutenberg -invention of printing press
German Cardinal Nicholas of cusa-exponent of value of expriment
Nicholas Capernicus-developed the heliocentric theiry using scientic method
Leonardo De Vinci -greatest artist of his time
Andres Versalius-modern human technology
The New Status of Greek Science

Simon Stevenious-decimal fraction
Galileo Galilei-telescope
Johann Kepler-move the the planet
Rene Descartes-inventor of graph
Paracelsus-alchamist and physician of rennassance
Francis Bacon improvised the scientific method
Sir Isaach Newton-discovered the gravity

Labels: Science during Rennnaissance
Chinese science
there has been more or less continuous contract between europe and china since classical greek times in spot of the distances between them and thier totally different language.
Silk road-an ancient rout linking china with rome.
Important Presons
Marco Polo-venetian traveler and author ,whose account of his travels and eperiences in china offered europeans a firsthand bview of asian lands and stimulated interest in asian trade.
Zu Chongzhi-5th century mathematicians who calculated the "pi" to sevent digit.
Liu Ju Hsieh-mathematicians descovered the "pascal's triangle"
Tao Chi'en-poet and philosopher who descover the elixir and the scince of medicine.

Four great inventions
magnetic compass
printing press
gun powder
paper making
Other invention

1.astronomy 1st planetarium made by emperor

Stellar explosion that took place in "crab nebula"
2.mathematics
asian abacus
"pi" was calculated in the seventh digit
decimal system
pascal"s triangle
3.military

crossbow
poison gases
bamboo made canons
rockets
4.medicine

elixir of life
acupuncture
autopsy

Labels: chinese science
Indian Science
the indian civilization is about the oldest still alive ,and it achieved a high level of technology at an early stage.
the history of sciece and technology in india begins with prehistoric human activity at Mehrgarh and continous through indus valley civilization (also called the bronze age civalization)to early states and empires
the scince and technology in india has something to do with the folowing field;
a. Agriculture

The irrigation was developed in the indus valey civization by around 4500bc

b.Indian astrology

In indian theres is a long establish widespread belief in astrology and it is commonly used for daily life ;

regards to marriage

regards to career

regards to election process

c.Zinc and metallurgy

Zinc mines of zawar were active during 400bc

d.Mathematics

The used of negative numbers was known in india and their role in situationlike mathematicial problems of dept was understand .

The decimal number system originated in india .

List of indian inventions and descoveries

1.Atomism

Accoding to democritus

the term ''atomos''meaning on cottable or the smallest invisible particle of matter

DHARMAKIRTI AND DIGNAGA-indian philosopher and founder of Vaisheshika school of atomism;

1.piont sized

2.durationless

3.made of energy

CHANDRASEKHAR LIMIT AND CHANDRASEKHAR NUMBER-the novvel price in physics for hs work on stellar structure nd stellar evolution.

Islamic Science
culture is most relevant to european science.
Greek-arabic-latin-herbrew
The most characteristics arabic scientific development were in alchemy.
RHAZES -makes the the earliest known suggestion for furnishing a chemical laboratory
MATH
arabic numerals- an indian system o numerical notation during 9th cenrtury
PERSIAN MOHAMMED IBN MUSA AL_ KWARIZMI-where algorism ,which is a medieval word for arithmetic came from.Healso developed the process of rectification
ASTROLOGY_ASTRONOMY

-constant pre -accupation of the islamic world

TOLEDAN-the tables of proposition of stars which were down up 1080

MEDICINE

RHAZES-made the 1st distinction between measel and smallfox

AVICENNA-prince of phycsicians-vegetable drugs.